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Kaisa Västilä

Akatemian tutkijatohtori

Department of Built Environment (www)
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Person profile

I am working as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Aalto University School of Engineering. I research the flow of water and the transport of sediment and nutrients in rivers, streams and ditches, with a special focus on environmentally friendly solutions in river and agricultural water management. I am particularly interested in the complex interactions between flow, vegetation and riverine transport and retention processes.

My research falls into the fields of environmentally preferable river engineering and environmental hydraulics, which are one of the strategic focus areas of the Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group. The research is closely linked to other on-going projects supervised by Staff Scientist Juha Järvelä in the Water Resources Management team led by Professor Harri Koivusalo. Methodologically my research is based on experimental laboratory investigations (specifically at the Aalto Environmental Hydraulics Lab), field campaigns at sites where environmentally friendly river engineering solutions are applied, and modelling and model development.

I think it is the responsibility of the researchers to serve the society by sharing their research findings. I have mentored a one-year long exhibition at the Helsinki Airport where design students and researchers collaborated to visualize sustainable water solutions. My research has been featured to the general public in the main news broadcasts in TV, radio and online.

International collaborators:

  • Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Professor Paweł Rowiński, Vice-president of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Assoc. Prof. Monika Kalinowska; Assoc. Prof. Robert Bialik): turbulent flow structure and transport processes in vegetated flows
  • Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (e.g. Assoc. Prof. Un Ji): real-scale experiments in an outdoor laboratory channel (https://www.kict.re.kr/eng/060203) with natural floodplain vegetation (shrubs, bushes)
  • Deltares (Dr. Ellis Penning): development of 3D modelling of vegetated floodplain flows with Delft3D FM model suite
  • Warsaw University of Life Sciences (Assoc. Prof. Adam Kiczko): 1D-2D modelling of vegetated flows, uncertainty in discharge predictions

National collaborators:

  • Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Freshwater Centre: field investigations into nutrient transport and management in agricultural channels using nature-based solutions (NBS) with Samassa vedessä project
  • Field investigations in collaboration with the NutrinFlow project (at Hardombäcken Brook, Loviisa), the Nutrient Neutral Municipality project (at Topinoja Channel, Turku), and the KURVI project (at Ritobäcken Brook, Sipoo).
  • Environmental authorities, cities, and consultancies participating in channel design and maintenance

Main scientific/academic merits:

  • Since September 2018, I am Associate Editor (Hydrology) in Acta Geophysica (covered by the Science Citation Index-Expanded and Scopus)
  • Member of International Scientific Committee for XXXVIII International School of Hydraulics, 21-24.5.2019, Lack, Poland, organized under auspices of The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research
  • I organized a Special Session entitled “Heat and mass transport under complex natural conditions” at the 5th IAHR Europe Congress, 12-14.6.2018, Trento, Italy, with Assoc. Prof. Monika Kalinowska (Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences).
  • 2017, award by the Foundation of Economic Education to the most distinguished doctoral theses on the building trade in Finland in year 2016 (from Oskari Vilamo Fund)

I participate in teaching by advising Doctoral, Master’s and Bachelor Theses at Aalto. I also give lectures and develop assignments (including experimental laboratory work) on Bachelor and Master level courses e.g. on the topics “Measurement and Uncertainty”, “Sediment Processes” and “Basic Hydraulics and Management of Pressure Transients”.

My doctoral thesis focused on enhancing the parameterization of natural woody and grassy riparian vegetation for flow resistance and sediment transport analyses in compound (two-stage) channels. Two-stage channels consisting of a main channel and a vegetated floodplain are an environmentally preferable alternative to conventional drainage and flood management practices, and the thesis aimed at providing knowledge for the application of such environmentally preferable channel designs.

For my doctoral thesis, I collaborated with the Technical University of Braunschweig (Professor Jochen Aberle, Leichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources), where I carried out laboratory flume experiments to develop the parameterization of drag and flow resistance of natural woody vegetation. I also conducted a field study at a two-stage channel (Ritobäcken Brook, Sipoo) located in Southern Finland to examine the effects of different types of floodplain vegetation (grasses, willows, unvegetated) on flow resistance and cohesive sediment erosion and deposition.

Past & ongoing research projects:

  • Use of vegetation for reducing tranport of nutrients in rivers and streams, 2018-2019, funded by Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation
  • Transport of substances in vegetated, heterogeneous channels, 2016-2019, funded by Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry.
  • Ecohydraulics: measurement techniques and flow-sediment processes, 2014-2016, funded by Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry., led by Dr. Juha Järvelä.
  • Flow­-vegetation-sediment interaction: physical, chemical and biological processes in environmental channels, 2009­­-2013, funded by Academy of Finland, led by Dr. Juha Järvelä. Additional funding has been provided by Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry. and Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
  • Water and Climate Change in the Lower Mekong Basin, 2008­-2009, funded by Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, led by Prof. Olli Varis.

I am happy to have been supported by additional personal grants from the following foundations: Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Oskar Öflund Foundation, VALUE Doctoral Program, The Finnish Foundation for Technology Promotion and Sven Hallin Research Foundation.

Person profile

Työskentelen tutkijatohtorina Aalto-yliopiston Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulussa. Tutkimukseni kuuluu ekohydrauliikan ja luonnonmukaisen vesirakentamisen aihepiiriin, joka on yksi Aalto-yliopiston vesi- ja ympäristötekniikan tutkimusryhmän keskeisistä tutkimusaloista. Tutkimukseni taustalla on tarve kehittää ympäristöystävällisiä ratkaisuja mm. tulvanhallintaan, maankuivatukseen ja valumavesien käsittelyyn sekä työkaluja näiden suunnitteluun.

Vuosina 2020-2023 työskentelen Suomen Akatemian tutkijatohtorihankkeessani “Nature-based solutions for river engineering: coupling vegetation hydrodynamics with sedimentary nutrient processes (NBS-VEGE-NUTRI)”

Tutkimukseni tekee yhteistyötä staff scientist Juha Järvelän johtaman Environmental Hydraulics Labin hankkeiden kanssa professori Harri Koivusalon ryhmässä. Metodologisesti tutkimukseni perustuu kokeelliseen työskentelyyn laboratorio-olosuhteissa (mm. Aalto-yliopiston uudessa virtauskourussa), kenttäkokeisiin luonnonmukaisen vesirakentamisen menetelmiä soveltavissa maastokohteissa sekä mallinnukseen. Katso myös Aallon uutinen väitöskirjani löydöksistä.

Me tutkijat olemme vastuussa siitä, että yhteiskunta hyötyy tuotetusta tiedosta. Tutkimustani on esitelty suomeksi mm. Rakennustekniikka-lehdessä, YLEn TV-uutisissa, radiouutissa ja uutissivuilla sekä yleisöluennoilla. Olen mentoroinut Helsingin lentokentällä vuonna 2019 pidettävää näyttelyä, jossa muotoilun opiskelijat ja vesitutkijat havainnollistavat keinoja vesivarojen suojelemiseksi.

Kansainväliset yhteistyötahot

  • Korean yhdyskunta- ja rakennustekniikan Instituutti (mm. apulaisprof. Un Ji): täyden mittakaavan kokeet kasvillisissa uomissa, hyödyntäen luonnollista puuvartista kasvillisuutta kenttävirtauslaboratoriossa
  • Sheffieldin yliopisto (prof. Ian Guymer): kulkeutumis- ja sekoittumisprosessit uomavirtauksissa
  • Deltares (vanhempi tutkija Ellis Penning): 3-dimensionaalisen virtausmallinnuksen kehittäminen kasvillisten tulvatasanteiden mallintamiseen Delft3D FM-mallinnusohjelmalla
  • Puolan Tiedeakatemian Geofysiikan Instituutti (mm. prof. Paweł Rowiński, Puolan Tiedeakatemian apulaisjohtaja; apulaisprof. Monika Kalinowska): turbulenttiset virtaus- ja kulkeutumisprosessit kasvillisissa virtauksissa
  • Varsovan elämäntieteiden yliopisto (mm. apulaisprof. Adam Kiczko): kasvillisten virtausten 1-2-dimensionaalinen mallinnus, vedenkorkeusennusteiden epävarmuus

Kansalliset yhteistyötahot:

  • Suomen Ympäristökeskus, Vesikeskus: kenttätutkimukset ravinteiden kulkeutumisesta ja hallinnasta maatalousuomissa käyttäen luontopohjaisia ratkaisuja (Valumavesi-projekti, Samassa vedessä -projekti)

Kunnostettavissa ja jo kunnostetuissa uomakohteissa tehtävän kenttätutkimuksen osalta olen tehnyt yhteistyötä mm. NutrinFlow-hankkeen kanssa (Hardombäcken-puro, Loviisa), Ravinneneutraali kunta -hankkeen kanssa (Topinoja, Turku) sekä Kuivatustoiminnassa muuttuneiden virtavesien kunnostus ja hoito (KURVI) -hankkeen kanssa (Ritobäcken, Sipoo). Tutkimuksen tärkeimpiä sidosryhmiä ovat mm. ympäristöhallinto, kaupungit, maanomistajat ja vesistökunnostuksia suunnittelevat konsultit

Hardombäcken-purolla toteutettuun, tulvatasanteelliseen uomapoikkileikkaukseen perustuvaan kunnostukseen (2017) liittyen on julkaistu uutinen Maaseudun Tulevaisuus-lehdessä. Tulvatasanteellisen uomapoikkileikkauksen (nk. kaksitasouomaratkaisun) ympäristöhyötyjä esitellään Uudenmaan ELY-keskuksen lyhyellä esittelyvideolla liittyen Sipoon Ritobäcken-puron luonnonmukaiseen tulvanhallintaan.

Osallistun opettamiseen Aalto-yliopistossa ohjaamalla jatko-opiskelijoita sekä diplomi- ja kandidaatin töitä. Lisäksi pidän luentoja sekä lasku- ja laboratorioharjoituksia kandidaatti- ja maisteritason kursseilla.

Väitöskirjatutkimuksessani lisäsin tietämystä virtausvastuksesta ja koheesiivisen sedimentin prosesseista tulvatasanteellisissa uomissa keskittyen erityisesti taipuisan, lehdellisen tulvatasannekasvillisuuden parametrisoinnin kehittämiseen. Väitöskirjassani tutkin erityisesti 1) lehtipuiden ja ruohovartisen kasvillisuuden aiheuttamaa vastusvoimaa ja virtausvastusta sekä näiden ennustamista kasvillisuuden mitattavien ominaisuuksien (lehtiala, muotoutuminen virtauksessa, uoman poikkileikkauksen peittävyys) avulla sekä 2) erityyppisen tulvatasannekasvillisuuden (pajut, nurmi, luonnollisesti kehittynyt) vaikutusta koheesiosedimentin eroosioon ja kasautumiseen luonnonmukaisessa tulvatasanteellisessa kaksitasouomassa. Metodologisesti väitöskirja perustui Braunschweigin Teknillisessä yliopistossa yhteistyössä professori Jochen Aberlen kanssa tehtyihin virtauskourukokeisiin, luonnonmukaisen peruskuivatuksen demokohteella (Sipoon Ritobäcken-puro) tehtyihin kenttäkokeisiin sekä mallinnukseen.

Menneet ja käynnissä olevat tutkimusprojektit

  • Luontopohjaiset insinööriratkaisut jokivesistöissä: virtausdynamiikan ja sedimentin ravinneprosessien välinen kytkentä (NBS-VEGE-NUTRI), 2020-2023, rahoitus Suomen Akatemia
  • Kasvillisuuden käyttö uomissa kulkeutuvan ravinnekuormituksen vähentämisessä (KASVIUOMA), 2018- , rahoitus Maj ja Tor Nesslingin säätiö
  • Aineiden kulkeutuminen monimuotoisissa, kasvittuneissa uomiassa, 2016-2019, rahoitus Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry.
  • Ekohydrauliikka: mittaustekniikat ja virtaus-sedimenttiprosessit, 2014-2016, rahoitus Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry., hanketta johti TkT Juha Järvelä.
  • Flow­-vegetation-sediment interaction: physical, chemical and biological processes in environmental channels, 2009­­-2013, rahoitus Suomen Akatemia, hanketta johti TkT Juha Järvelä. Osaprojekteja rahoittivat Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö sekä Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry.
  • Water and Climate Change in the Lower Mekong Basin, 2008­-2009, rahoitus Ulkoministeriö, hanketta johti prof. Olli Varis.

Henkilökohtaisin apurahoin tutkimustani ovat lisäksi olleet mahdollistamassa Emil Aaltosen säätiö, Oskar Öflundin säätiö, Sven Hallinin tutkimussäätiö, Tekniikan edistämissäätiö ja VALUE tutkijakoulu.

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Tietotie 1e
Espoo
Finland

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P.O.Box 15200
00076
Aalto

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